Colin R Howard, DSc, PhD, FRCPath, FRSB holds professorships at London and Birmingham Universities. With over 40 years of experience in research and the teaching of virology, he has taught workshops to undergraduates, veterinarians and postgraduate health care workers in Europe, Asia, Africa and the Americas. His research interests are focused on persistent virus infections and haemorrhage fevers. Through his interest in vaccines he has advised the World Health Organisation, government agencies and vaccine manufacturers.